There can also be a difference between GLBTIQ individuals public and private persona - not everybody is "out" or openly identifies as belonging to the GLBTIQ communities. This complexity is not necessarily well encapsulated in simplistic or essentialist labels or categories of behaviour (Grant, Mottet, Tanis, Harrison, Herman, & Keisling, 2011). Further, it is important to note that there is a complex relationship between biological sex, sexuality and gender identity. While this Resource Sheet strives to recognise this complexity and diversity, due to its brevity a list of resources and further reading is available at the end of this sheet. There is, of course, a great deal of diversity within each of these communities, and a wide variety of terms and language is used to describe biological sex, gender, sexuality and sexual practice. Gay and Lesbian Health Victoria's (GLHV, 2008) Glossary provides an excellent overview and definitions of the key terms used in describing GLBTIQ communities, and is a useful reference point for readers of this Resource Sheet (refer to "Resources" at the end of this paper). The acronym GLBTIQ is used to refer broadly to gay, lesbian, transgender/transsexual, bisexual, intersex, and queer individuals and communities. There remains, however, only limited research on sexual violence in or against GLBTIQ communities. However, it should also be recognised that members of GLBTIQ communities show great resilience in the face of social exclusion, discrimination and abuse (Scourfield, Roen, & McDermott, 2008).ĭocumenting the violence experienced by GLBTIQ communities is an important step towards acknowledging the harm caused by this violence, ensuring that adequate and appropriate support services are provided (Duke & Davidson, 2009), and ultimately, preventing violence.
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Experiencing sexual or physical violence, or other forms of abuse and victimisation, is often associated with a range of negative health and social outcomes - such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicide, and drug and alcohol abuse (Ryan & Rivers, 2003). Research suggests that members of GLBTIQ communities may face significant levels of abuse, harassment and violence (Leonard, Mitchell, Pitts, Patel, & Fox, 2008 NSW Attorney General's Department, 2003). Although the vast majority of literature and research on sexual violence has focused on the experiences of heterosexual women, a burgeoning body of work has highlighted the occurrence of sexual violence within and against gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans, intersex, and queer (GLBTIQ) communities.